• The structure of an original article or Introduction
or
Methods or Results and Discussion
• Other aspects of Article
• Error Checking ________________________________________
• The structure of an original article
Introduction The introduction should answer the question of "why this work has been done." Describe the interest to the scientific context of the time, previous studies have been done on the subject and what aspects do not make clear. With the abundance of currently existing review work, the Introduction does not need to be very extensive and can benefit from what is stated in the most recent review on the subject.
The Introduction is thus presenting a question, which is in turn as the nexus of research that engages with the body of existing doctrine. And found no end of effort with the surprise that the question has been answered by another researcher early birds, it is necessary (mandatory, however much it costs) to a preceding review. Probably the most expensive part of the work, among other things because there is always the possibility that such review can be concluded that our questions and have answers and, therefore, not worth conducting research.
is appropriate that the last paragraph of the Introduction is used to summarize the objective of the study. Material and Methods
In This section answers the question of "how did the study." Once you have seen the reasons why it is worthwhile to undertake the project, think about how to put it into practice, which is very useful the help of an epidemiologist and a biostatistician to avoid wasting efforts on vain. A great project may be invalid or ineffective if not using the proper methodology: you can not carry out a study of causality with a cross-sectional design, it is inefficient to do a prospective, long and costly, if you are looking to just explore a hypothetical cause-effect relationship, rather than with a retrospective, faster and cheaper, can be resolved, saving the prospective study to demonstrate this link. Many studies fail because of flaws in the methodology. If a biostatistician and epidemiologist working in some form in research, should be either rewarded financially, or included among the authors.
The material and methods section is organized into five areas:
• Design: We describe the experimental design (randomized, controlled, case-control clinical trial, prospective, etc.).
• population about which has been made study. Describe the sampling frame and how it has made its selection.
• Environment: indicates where has made the study (hospital, primary care, school, etc).
• Interventions: the techniques described, treatments (always using generic names), measurements and units, pilot testing, equipment and technology, etc.
• Statistical analysis indicates the statistical methods used and how they have analyzed the data.
The material and methods section should be sufficiently detailed so that another author can repeat the study and verify the results independently. Results
This section should be the simplest form of writing. Includes tables and figures, by themselves, should be able to clearly express the results of the study. There are important journal editors say unequivocally that the best text for this section should be simply "the study results can be seen in Table 1."
The results should serve two functions:
• Give the results of the experiments described in the Materials and Methods.
• Present the evidence to support such results, whether in the form of figures, tables or in the same text.
The results should be visible and understood quickly and clearly. It is for this reason that the construction of this section must begin with the preparation of tables and figures, and only then write the appropriate text based on them. The first paragraph of this text should be used to summarize in a sentence concise, clear and straightforward, the finding of the study. This section should be written using the past tense. Though largely used the passive voice or impersonal ("has been found that some editors prefer ...") and every time it is more likely to use active voice in the first person plural (" we have seen that ... " ); the end of the credit goes to the authors and there is no reason to hide it. Discussion
This section is the heart of the manuscript, where most readers will after reading the summary (though experts recommend that after reading the title, the first thing to read the material and methods) and most complex section of developing and organizing. Some suggestions may help:
• Begin the discussion with the answer to the question of the Introduction, followed immediately by the evidence shown in the results that corroborate.
• Write this section in this (these data indicate that ") because the findings of work are considered as evidence.
• Bring out clearly and comment rather than concealing, the anomalous results, giving an explanation as consistent as possible or simply saying this is what has been found, although at present no explanation display. If it does not the author, surely will the editor.
• speculative and theoretical imagination and logic. This may stir the interest of readers.
• Include recommendations as it deems appropriate, if appropriate.
• And, above all, avoid taking more conclusions from their results allow, as much as these findings are less spectacular than expected or desired. Other aspects of the article
The title should be short, concise and clear. The most effective less than 10 words and should not contain abbreviations or acronyms. All acronyms used in the text must be followed, the first time you mention, in a break with its meaning. It is advisable that the title should be written after writing the core of the manuscript (introduction, materials, methods, results and discussion). Titles can be informative ("High incidence of myocardial infarction in smokers) or indicative (" Incidence of myocardial infarction in smokers.)
The summary provides an overview of the work. If it is audit work, usually descriptive summary (Briefly describe what the content of the work and results or conclusions not mentioned), if it is original work, the summary is comprehensive (briefly reported in all sections of work , including results and conclusions.) This comprehensive summary can be structured (with the sections: objective, design, setting, subjects, results and conclusions) or unstructured, in which the information is usually given in two or three paragraphs. Note that in the structured abstract, the introduction is replaced by objective, the Discussion and Conclusions Material and Methods "is separated into its components.
The most common mistakes in writing the summary are:
• clearly raise no question too long
• • be too detailed
The keywords will be from 3 to 10, if your number is not already specified in the Instructions for Authors "and selected to be possible from the list of MeSH (Medical Subject Headings), the Index Medicus or the English Medical Index.
Thanks are positioned at a location determined by the publisher of the journal "Instructions for Authors" can be on the first page or at the end of the discussion. Should be included in the acknowledgments, but not among the authors, who without being authors or co-authors in the strict sense have assisted technique (laboratory technicians, secretaries, etc.) Or have been invaluable moral support (the head of a Department, etc..).
The bibliography will be cited as the rules required by the journal they have chosen. Except in cases of publications of great historical significance, appointments must be recent, not more than 5 years in case of a review paper. This legislation usually follows fairly evenly in the Vancouver.
• For the citation of shows the following order: Name
or authors, to a maximum of six, separated by commas, with your surname and initials without periods (except after the last initial of the last author). If the number exceeds six, you have to write the first six and add "et al." Abbreviation for the Latin "et alii" meaning "and others." If the author is a committee, put the name of the Committee.
or job title, finished with one point.
or Biomedical journal, as shorthand expression as found in the Index Medicus, which follows without any intermediate score, the
or Publication Year, "a semicolon," Volume, "open parenthesis, number or month of issue ( this may be omitted if the consecutive pagination of the volume is), "close parenthesis", "two points", pages article (the first and last, but the last page can be provided with only the last digit if the first were equal to the first page). • If it
chapters of books in which several authors have collaborated quoted as follows:
or Authors Chapter
or Chapter Title
or Authors of the book (called "publishers" in Anglo-Saxon terminology), or Book Title
or City
is printed or editorial has published or Year of publication
or pages ( first and last) chapter
Examples:
1-International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. Uniform Requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals. N Engl J Med 1991; 324: 424-5
2-Weinstein L, Swartz MN. Pathologic properties of Invading microorganisms. In: Sodem WA, editor. Pathologic Physiology: Mechanisms of disease. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1974:457-72.
addition to the rules Vancouver, there are rules for citation of publications in the scientific literature, according to the American Psychology Association. Error Checking
• Is sent to the right journal?
• Are all the instructions that the editor of the magazine suggests?
• Are the authors really deserve the credit for the work?
• Is the abstract too long or too complex?
• Is properly structured core of the work (introduction, material, methods, results, discussion?
• Is the recent literature and cited in accordance with regulations of the magazine?
• Are under the citations in the text with quoting? • Is
Conclusion respond to the question posed in the Introduction?
• Do draw the appropriate conclusions to the results obtained and no more?
• Are tables and figures readily understandable and summarizes the results?
• Are the Introduction and Conclusion written in the present, and the material and results in the past?
or
Methods or Results and Discussion
• Other aspects of Article
• Error Checking ________________________________________
• The structure of an original article
Introduction The introduction should answer the question of "why this work has been done." Describe the interest to the scientific context of the time, previous studies have been done on the subject and what aspects do not make clear. With the abundance of currently existing review work, the Introduction does not need to be very extensive and can benefit from what is stated in the most recent review on the subject.
The Introduction is thus presenting a question, which is in turn as the nexus of research that engages with the body of existing doctrine. And found no end of effort with the surprise that the question has been answered by another researcher early birds, it is necessary (mandatory, however much it costs) to a preceding review. Probably the most expensive part of the work, among other things because there is always the possibility that such review can be concluded that our questions and have answers and, therefore, not worth conducting research.
is appropriate that the last paragraph of the Introduction is used to summarize the objective of the study. Material and Methods
In This section answers the question of "how did the study." Once you have seen the reasons why it is worthwhile to undertake the project, think about how to put it into practice, which is very useful the help of an epidemiologist and a biostatistician to avoid wasting efforts on vain. A great project may be invalid or ineffective if not using the proper methodology: you can not carry out a study of causality with a cross-sectional design, it is inefficient to do a prospective, long and costly, if you are looking to just explore a hypothetical cause-effect relationship, rather than with a retrospective, faster and cheaper, can be resolved, saving the prospective study to demonstrate this link. Many studies fail because of flaws in the methodology. If a biostatistician and epidemiologist working in some form in research, should be either rewarded financially, or included among the authors.
The material and methods section is organized into five areas:
• Design: We describe the experimental design (randomized, controlled, case-control clinical trial, prospective, etc.).
• population about which has been made study. Describe the sampling frame and how it has made its selection.
• Environment: indicates where has made the study (hospital, primary care, school, etc).
• Interventions: the techniques described, treatments (always using generic names), measurements and units, pilot testing, equipment and technology, etc.
• Statistical analysis indicates the statistical methods used and how they have analyzed the data.
The material and methods section should be sufficiently detailed so that another author can repeat the study and verify the results independently. Results
This section should be the simplest form of writing. Includes tables and figures, by themselves, should be able to clearly express the results of the study. There are important journal editors say unequivocally that the best text for this section should be simply "the study results can be seen in Table 1."
The results should serve two functions:
• Give the results of the experiments described in the Materials and Methods.
• Present the evidence to support such results, whether in the form of figures, tables or in the same text.
The results should be visible and understood quickly and clearly. It is for this reason that the construction of this section must begin with the preparation of tables and figures, and only then write the appropriate text based on them. The first paragraph of this text should be used to summarize in a sentence concise, clear and straightforward, the finding of the study. This section should be written using the past tense. Though largely used the passive voice or impersonal ("has been found that some editors prefer ...") and every time it is more likely to use active voice in the first person plural (" we have seen that ... " ); the end of the credit goes to the authors and there is no reason to hide it. Discussion
This section is the heart of the manuscript, where most readers will after reading the summary (though experts recommend that after reading the title, the first thing to read the material and methods) and most complex section of developing and organizing. Some suggestions may help:
• Begin the discussion with the answer to the question of the Introduction, followed immediately by the evidence shown in the results that corroborate.
• Write this section in this (these data indicate that ") because the findings of work are considered as evidence.
• Bring out clearly and comment rather than concealing, the anomalous results, giving an explanation as consistent as possible or simply saying this is what has been found, although at present no explanation display. If it does not the author, surely will the editor.
• speculative and theoretical imagination and logic. This may stir the interest of readers.
• Include recommendations as it deems appropriate, if appropriate.
• And, above all, avoid taking more conclusions from their results allow, as much as these findings are less spectacular than expected or desired. Other aspects of the article
The title should be short, concise and clear. The most effective less than 10 words and should not contain abbreviations or acronyms. All acronyms used in the text must be followed, the first time you mention, in a break with its meaning. It is advisable that the title should be written after writing the core of the manuscript (introduction, materials, methods, results and discussion). Titles can be informative ("High incidence of myocardial infarction in smokers) or indicative (" Incidence of myocardial infarction in smokers.)
The summary provides an overview of the work. If it is audit work, usually descriptive summary (Briefly describe what the content of the work and results or conclusions not mentioned), if it is original work, the summary is comprehensive (briefly reported in all sections of work , including results and conclusions.) This comprehensive summary can be structured (with the sections: objective, design, setting, subjects, results and conclusions) or unstructured, in which the information is usually given in two or three paragraphs. Note that in the structured abstract, the introduction is replaced by objective, the Discussion and Conclusions Material and Methods "is separated into its components.
The most common mistakes in writing the summary are:
• clearly raise no question too long
• • be too detailed
The keywords will be from 3 to 10, if your number is not already specified in the Instructions for Authors "and selected to be possible from the list of MeSH (Medical Subject Headings), the Index Medicus or the English Medical Index.
Thanks are positioned at a location determined by the publisher of the journal "Instructions for Authors" can be on the first page or at the end of the discussion. Should be included in the acknowledgments, but not among the authors, who without being authors or co-authors in the strict sense have assisted technique (laboratory technicians, secretaries, etc.) Or have been invaluable moral support (the head of a Department, etc..).
The bibliography will be cited as the rules required by the journal they have chosen. Except in cases of publications of great historical significance, appointments must be recent, not more than 5 years in case of a review paper. This legislation usually follows fairly evenly in the Vancouver.
• For the citation of shows the following order: Name
or authors, to a maximum of six, separated by commas, with your surname and initials without periods (except after the last initial of the last author). If the number exceeds six, you have to write the first six and add "et al." Abbreviation for the Latin "et alii" meaning "and others." If the author is a committee, put the name of the Committee.
or job title, finished with one point.
or Biomedical journal, as shorthand expression as found in the Index Medicus, which follows without any intermediate score, the
or Publication Year, "a semicolon," Volume, "open parenthesis, number or month of issue ( this may be omitted if the consecutive pagination of the volume is), "close parenthesis", "two points", pages article (the first and last, but the last page can be provided with only the last digit if the first were equal to the first page). • If it
chapters of books in which several authors have collaborated quoted as follows:
or Authors Chapter
or Chapter Title
or Authors of the book (called "publishers" in Anglo-Saxon terminology), or Book Title
or City
is printed or editorial has published or Year of publication
or pages ( first and last) chapter
Examples:
1-International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. Uniform Requirements for manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals. N Engl J Med 1991; 324: 424-5
2-Weinstein L, Swartz MN. Pathologic properties of Invading microorganisms. In: Sodem WA, editor. Pathologic Physiology: Mechanisms of disease. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1974:457-72.
addition to the rules Vancouver, there are rules for citation of publications in the scientific literature, according to the American Psychology Association. Error Checking
• Is sent to the right journal?
• Are all the instructions that the editor of the magazine suggests?
• Are the authors really deserve the credit for the work?
• Is the abstract too long or too complex?
• Is properly structured core of the work (introduction, material, methods, results, discussion?
• Is the recent literature and cited in accordance with regulations of the magazine?
• Are under the citations in the text with quoting? • Is
Conclusion respond to the question posed in the Introduction?
• Do draw the appropriate conclusions to the results obtained and no more?
• Are tables and figures readily understandable and summarizes the results?
• Are the Introduction and Conclusion written in the present, and the material and results in the past?
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